Localization

Master reference for hl, gl, google_domain, lr, cr, location, uule, ll, device, and time_period across every Google Scraper sub-API

This is the master localization reference for the entire Google Scraper API suite. Every parameter listed here is documented once with an applicable-to badge so you know which sub-APIs accept it. The full code lists (150+ languages, 240+ countries, 84 domains) live on this page; every other doc just links here.

For currency parameters used by the pricing-aware sub-APIs, see Currency.

Language Parameter (hl)

Applicable to: Search, Maps, Shopping, Flights, Hotels, News. (Trends uses geo instead.)

The hl (Host Language) parameter controls the language of the Google UI (buttons, labels, and interface text). It uses ISO 639-1 language codes. All 150+ Google interface languages are supported.

On Maps and Reviews, hl also localizes day names in operating_hours, guided review details keys (cuisine instead of food for hl=fr), and triggers inline review translations (extracted_snippet.translated). On Hotels and Flights, it affects label text but not retailer/airline names. On News, it changes the menu strip and related topics.

Common Languages


`en` English (default)	`ja` Japanese
`tr` Turkish	`ko` Korean
`de` German	`ar` Arabic
`fr` French	`ru` Russian
`es` Spanish	`zh-cn` Chinese (Simplified)
`it` Italian	`zh-tw` Chinese (Traditional)
`pt` Portuguese	`pl` Polish
`nl` Dutch	`hi` Hindi
`sv` Swedish	`th` Thai

All Supported hl Values


`ach` Luo	`af` Afrikaans	`ak` Akan
`am` Amharic	`ar` Arabic	`az` Azerbaijani
`be` Belarusian	`bem` Bemba	`bh` Bihari
`bn` Bengali	`br` Breton	`bs` Bosnian
`bt` Bhutanese	`bg` Bulgarian	`ca` Catalan
`chr` Cherokee	`ckb` Kurdish (Sorani)	`co` Corsican
`crs` Seychellois Creole	`cs` Czech	`cy` Welsh
`da` Danish	`de` German	`ee` Ewe
`el` Greek	`en` English	`eo` Esperanto
`es` Spanish	`es-419` Spanish (Latin America)	`et` Estonian
`eu` Basque	`fa` Persian	`fi` Finnish
`fo` Faroese	`fr` French	`fy` Frisian
`ga` Irish	`gaa` Ga	`gd` Scots Gaelic
`gl` Galician	`gn` Guarani	`gu` Gujarati
`ha` Hausa	`haw` Hawaiian	`he` Hebrew
`hi` Hindi	`hr` Croatian	`ht` Haitian Creole
`hu` Hungarian	`hy` Armenian	`ia` Interlingua
`id` Indonesian	`ig` Igbo	`is` Icelandic
`it` Italian	`iw` Hebrew (legacy)	`ja` Japanese
`jw` Javanese	`ka` Georgian	`kg` Kongo
`kk` Kazakh	`kl` Greenlandic	`km` Cambodian
`kn` Kannada	`ko` Korean	`kri` Krio
`ku` Kurdish	`ky` Kyrgyz	`la` Latin
`lg` Luganda	`ln` Lingala	`lo` Laothian
`loz` Lozi	`lt` Lithuanian	`lua` Tshiluba
`lv` Latvian	`mfe` Mauritian Creole	`mg` Malagasy
`mi` Maori	`mk` Macedonian	`ml` Malayalam
`mn` Mongolian	`mo` Moldavian	`mr` Marathi
`ms` Malay	`mt` Maltese	`mv` Maldives
`my` Myanmar (Burmese)	`ne` Nepali	`nl` Dutch
`nn` Norwegian (Nynorsk)	`no` Norwegian	`nso` Northern Sotho
`ny` Chichewa	`nyn` Runyakitara	`oc` Occitan
`om` Oromo	`or` Oriya	`pa` Punjabi
`pcm` Nigerian Pidgin	`pl` Polish	`ps` Pashto
`pt` Portuguese	`pt-br` Portuguese (Brazil)	`pt-pt` Portuguese (Portugal)
`qu` Quechua	`rm` Romansh	`rn` Kirundi
`ro` Romanian	`ru` Russian	`rw` Kinyarwanda
`sd` Sindhi	`sh` Serbo-Croatian	`si` Sinhalese
`sk` Slovak	`sl` Slovenian	`sn` Shona
`so` Somali	`sq` Albanian	`sr` Serbian
`sr-me` Montenegrin	`st` Sesotho	`su` Sundanese
`sv` Swedish	`sw` Swahili	`ta` Tamil
`te` Telugu	`tg` Tajik	`th` Thai
`ti` Tigrinya	`tk` Turkmen	`tl` Filipino
`tn` Setswana	`to` Tonga	`tr` Turkish
`tt` Tatar	`tum` Tumbuka	`tw` Twi
`ug` Uighur	`uk` Ukrainian	`ur` Urdu
`uz` Uzbek	`vi` Vietnamese	`vu` Vanuatu
`wo` Wolof	`ws` Samoa	`xh` Xhosa
`yi` Yiddish	`yo` Yoruba	`zh-cn` Chinese (Simplified)
`zh-tw` Chinese (Traditional)	`zu` Zulu

hl sets the search context. Google treats it as a hint, so results may still include other languages. Use lr for strict language filtering.

Country Parameter (gl)

Applicable to: Search, Maps, Shopping, Flights, Hotels, News. (Trends uses geo instead.)

The gl (Geo Location) parameter determines from which country's perspective results are ranked and returned. It uses ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes. All 240+ Google geo location codes are supported.

Common Countries


`us` United States (default)	`de` Germany
`gb` United Kingdom	`fr` France
`tr` Turkey	`es` Spain
`ca` Canada	`it` Italy
`au` Australia	`nl` Netherlands
`jp` Japan	`br` Brazil
`kr` South Korea	`in` India
`mx` Mexico

All Supported gl Values

Americas


`us` United States	`gy` Guyana
`ca` Canada	`ht` Haiti
`mx` Mexico	`hn` Honduras
`ar` Argentina	`jm` Jamaica
`bo` Bolivia	`mq` Martinique
`br` Brazil	`ni` Nicaragua
`cl` Chile	`pa` Panama
`co` Colombia	`py` Paraguay
`cr` Costa Rica	`pe` Peru
`cu` Cuba	`pr` Puerto Rico
`dm` Dominica	`pm` Saint Pierre and Miquelon
`do` Dominican Republic	`vc` Saint Vincent
`ec` Ecuador	`sr` Suriname
`sv` El Salvador	`tt` Trinidad and Tobago
`fk` Falkland Islands	`um` US Minor Outlying Islands
`gf` French Guiana	`uy` Uruguay
`gd` Grenada	`ve` Venezuela
`gp` Guadeloupe	`vg` British Virgin Islands
`gt` Guatemala	`vi` US Virgin Islands

Europe


`gb` United Kingdom	`lt` Lithuania
`uk` United Kingdom (alt)	`lu` Luxembourg
`al` Albania	`lv` Latvia
`ad` Andorra	`mc` Monaco
`at` Austria	`md` Moldova
`ba` Bosnia and Herzegovina	`me` Montenegro
`be` Belgium	`mk` North Macedonia
`bg` Bulgaria	`mt` Malta
`by` Belarus	`nl` Netherlands
`ch` Switzerland	`no` Norway
`cz` Czech Republic	`pl` Poland
`de` Germany	`pt` Portugal
`dk` Denmark	`ro` Romania
`ee` Estonia	`rs` Serbia
`es` Spain	`ru` Russia
`fi` Finland	`se` Sweden
`fo` Faroe Islands	`si` Slovenia
`fr` France	`sk` Slovakia
`ge` Georgia	`sm` San Marino
`gi` Gibraltar	`sj` Svalbard
`gg` Guernsey	`ua` Ukraine
`gl` Greenland	`va` Vatican City
`gr` Greece	`im` Isle of Man
`hr` Croatia	`je` Jersey
`hu` Hungary	`is` Iceland
`ie` Ireland	`li` Liechtenstein
`it` Italy

Asia Pacific


`af` Afghanistan	`mv` Maldives
`au` Australia	`my` Malaysia
`az` Azerbaijan	`mm` Myanmar
`bd` Bangladesh	`mn` Mongolia
`bn` Brunei	`nr` Nauru
`bt` Bhutan	`np` Nepal
`cc` Cocos Islands	`nz` New Zealand
`ck` Cook Islands	`nf` Norfolk Island
`cn` China	`nu` Niue
`cx` Christmas Island	`pk` Pakistan
`fj` Fiji	`pg` Papua New Guinea
`fm` Micronesia	`ph` Philippines
`gu` Guam	`pn` Pitcairn
`hk` Hong Kong	`pw` Palau
`id` Indonesia	`sb` Solomon Islands
`in` India	`sg` Singapore
`jp` Japan	`th` Thailand
`kh` Cambodia	`tl` Timor-Leste
`ki` Kiribati	`tk` Tokelau
`kp` North Korea	`to` Tonga
`kr` South Korea	`tv` Tuvalu
`kz` Kazakhstan	`tw` Taiwan
`kg` Kyrgyzstan	`uz` Uzbekistan
`la` Laos	`vn` Vietnam
`lk` Sri Lanka	`vu` Vanuatu
`mh` Marshall Islands	`ws` Samoa
`mo` Macao	`as` American Samoa
`mp` Northern Mariana Islands	`pf` French Polynesia

Middle East & Africa


`ae` United Arab Emirates	`mg` Madagascar
`bh` Bahrain	`ml` Mali
`bj` Benin	`mr` Mauritania
`bf` Burkina Faso	`mu` Mauritius
`bi` Burundi	`mw` Malawi
`bw` Botswana	`mz` Mozambique
`cd` Congo (DRC)	`na` Namibia
`cf` Central African Republic	`ne` Niger
`cg` Congo	`ng` Nigeria
`ci` Cote D'Ivoire	`om` Oman
`cm` Cameroon	`ps` Palestinian Territory
`cv` Cape Verde	`qa` Qatar
`dj` Djibouti	`re` Reunion
`dz` Algeria	`rw` Rwanda
`eg` Egypt	`sa` Saudi Arabia
`eh` Western Sahara	`sc` Seychelles
`er` Eritrea	`sd` Sudan
`et` Ethiopia	`sh` Saint Helena
`ga` Gabon	`sl` Sierra Leone
`gh` Ghana	`sn` Senegal
`gm` Gambia	`so` Somalia
`gn` Guinea	`st` Sao Tome and Principe
`gq` Equatorial Guinea	`sz` Swaziland
`gw` Guinea-Bissau	`td` Chad
`il` Israel	`tg` Togo
`iq` Iraq	`tn` Tunisia
`ir` Iran	`tr` Turkey
`jo` Jordan	`tz` Tanzania
`ke` Kenya	`ug` Uganda
`km` Comoros	`ye` Yemen
`kn` Saint Kitts and Nevis	`yt` Mayotte
`kw` Kuwait	`za` South Africa
`lb` Lebanon	`zm` Zambia
`lc` Saint Lucia	`zw` Zimbabwe
`lr` Liberia	`ls` Lesotho
`ly` Libya	`ma` Morocco

Other Territories


`ai` Anguilla	`ky` Cayman Islands
`ag` Antigua and Barbuda	`ms` Montserrat
`aq` Antarctica	`nc` New Caledonia
`aw` Aruba	`sy` Syria
`bb` Barbados	`tc` Turks and Caicos
`bm` Bermuda	`tf` French Southern Territories
`bs` Bahamas	`tj` Tajikistan
`bv` Bouvet Island	`tm` Turkmenistan
`bz` Belize	`wf` Wallis and Futuna
`gs` South Georgia	`hm` Heard Island
`io` British Indian Ocean Territory

gl sets the search context. Google treats it as a hint, so results may still include global results. Use cr for strict country filtering.

Country Restrict Parameter (cr)

Applicable to: Search only.

The cr (Country Restrict) parameter applies strict country filtering. Only results originating from the specified country are returned. Format: countryXX where XX is the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code in uppercase.

Common Values


`countryUS` United States	`countryDE` Germany
`countryUK` United Kingdom	`countryFR` France
`countryTR` Turkey	`countryES` Spain
`countryCA` Canada	`countryIT` Italy
`countryAU` Australia	`countryNL` Netherlands
`countryJP` Japan	`countryBR` Brazil
`countryKR` South Korea	`countryIN` India
`countryMX` Mexico

All Supported cr Values

We support 240+ cr values. The full list mirrors the gl country codes in countryXX format. Every country code supported in gl is also supported in cr.

Americas


`countryUS` United States	`countryGY` Guyana
`countryCA` Canada	`countryHT` Haiti
`countryMX` Mexico	`countryHN` Honduras
`countryAR` Argentina	`countryJM` Jamaica
`countryBO` Bolivia	`countryNI` Nicaragua
`countryBR` Brazil	`countryPA` Panama
`countryCL` Chile	`countryPY` Paraguay
`countryCO` Colombia	`countryPE` Peru
`countryCR` Costa Rica	`countryPR` Puerto Rico
`countryCU` Cuba	`countrySR` Suriname
`countryDM` Dominica	`countryTT` Trinidad and Tobago
`countryDO` Dominican Republic	`countryUY` Uruguay
`countryEC` Ecuador	`countryVE` Venezuela
`countrySV` El Salvador	`countryVI` US Virgin Islands
`countryGT` Guatemala	`countryVG` British Virgin Islands

Europe


`countryUK` United Kingdom	`countryLT` Lithuania
`countryAL` Albania	`countryLU` Luxembourg
`countryAT` Austria	`countryLV` Latvia
`countryBA` Bosnia and Herzegovina	`countryMC` Monaco
`countryBE` Belgium	`countryMD` Moldova
`countryBG` Bulgaria	`countryMK` North Macedonia
`countryBY` Belarus	`countryMT` Malta
`countryCH` Switzerland	`countryNL` Netherlands
`countryCZ` Czech Republic	`countryNO` Norway
`countryDE` Germany	`countryPL` Poland
`countryDK` Denmark	`countryPT` Portugal
`countryEE` Estonia	`countryRO` Romania
`countryES` Spain	`countryRU` Russia
`countryEU` European Union	`countrySE` Sweden
`countryFI` Finland	`countrySI` Slovenia
`countryFR` France	`countrySK` Slovakia
`countryGE` Georgia	`countryUA` Ukraine
`countryGR` Greece	`countryVA` Vatican City
`countryHR` Croatia	`countryIS` Iceland
`countryHU` Hungary	`countryLI` Liechtenstein
`countryIE` Ireland	`countrySM` San Marino
`countryIT` Italy

Asia Pacific


`countryAU` Australia	`countryMY` Malaysia
`countryBD` Bangladesh	`countryMM` Myanmar
`countryCN` China	`countryNP` Nepal
`countryHK` Hong Kong	`countryNZ` New Zealand
`countryID` Indonesia	`countryPH` Philippines
`countryIN` India	`countryPK` Pakistan
`countryJP` Japan	`countrySG` Singapore
`countryKH` Cambodia	`countryTH` Thailand
`countryKP` North Korea	`countryTW` Taiwan
`countryKR` South Korea	`countryVN` Vietnam
`countryKZ` Kazakhstan	`countryMN` Mongolia
`countryLA` Laos	`countryLK` Sri Lanka
`countryMO` Macao	`countryKG` Kyrgyzstan

Middle East & Africa


`countryAE` United Arab Emirates	`countryMA` Morocco
`countryBH` Bahrain	`countryNG` Nigeria
`countryDZ` Algeria	`countryOM` Oman
`countryEG` Egypt	`countryPS` Palestinian Territory
`countryET` Ethiopia	`countryQA` Qatar
`countryGH` Ghana	`countrySA` Saudi Arabia
`countryIL` Israel	`countrySD` Sudan
`countryIQ` Iraq	`countryTN` Tunisia
`countryIR` Iran	`countryTR` Turkey
`countryJO` Jordan	`countryTZ` Tanzania
`countryKE` Kenya	`countryUG` Uganda
`countryKW` Kuwait	`countryZA` South Africa
`countryLB` Lebanon	`countryZM` Zambia
`countryLY` Libya	`countryZW` Zimbabwe

You can also combine cr values with boolean operators for complex filtering. For example, countryUS.countryUK restricts results to pages from either the US or UK.

Language Restrict Parameter (lr)

Applicable to: Search only.

The lr (Language Restrict) parameter applies strict language filtering. Only results written in the specified language are returned. Format: lang_XX.

We support all 35 Google language restrict values:


`lang_ar` Arabic	`lang_hu` Hungarian	`lang_pl` Polish
`lang_bg` Bulgarian	`lang_id` Indonesian	`lang_pt` Portuguese
`lang_ca` Catalan	`lang_is` Icelandic	`lang_ro` Romanian
`lang_cs` Czech	`lang_it` Italian	`lang_ru` Russian
`lang_da` Danish	`lang_iw` Hebrew	`lang_sk` Slovak
`lang_de` German	`lang_ja` Japanese	`lang_sl` Slovenian
`lang_el` Greek	`lang_ko` Korean	`lang_sr` Serbian
`lang_en` English	`lang_lt` Lithuanian	`lang_sv` Swedish
`lang_es` Spanish	`lang_lv` Latvian	`lang_tr` Turkish
`lang_et` Estonian	`lang_nl` Dutch	`lang_zh-CN` Chinese (Simplified)
`lang_fi` Finnish	`lang_no` Norwegian	`lang_zh-TW` Chinese (Traditional)
`lang_fr` French	`lang_hr` Croatian

Location & UULE

Applicable to: Search, Shopping. (Maps uses ll instead. See below.)

For precise geographic targeting beyond country-level, use the location or uule parameter.

location

The location parameter accepts a location name in Google's canonical format. It is automatically encoded to a UULE string internally.

Format: City,State/Region,Country

Examples:

Istanbul,Istanbul,Turkey
New York,New York,United States
London,England,United Kingdom
Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
Berlin,Berlin,Germany

uule

The uule parameter accepts a pre-encoded Google UULE location string. This is auto-generated from location when not provided.

If both location and uule are sent, uule takes priority. For most use cases, location is sufficient. Use uule only when you need to pass a pre-encoded value.

hl vs lr / gl vs cr

The Google Search API has two levels of language and country control:

Context (Hint) vs Strict Filter

	Context (Hint)	Strict Filter
Language	`hl=tr`: Google UI in Turkish. Results may include other languages.	`lr=lang_tr`: Only Turkish-language pages are returned.
Country	`gl=tr`: Results from Turkey datacenter. May include global results.	`cr=countryTR`: Only pages originating from Turkey.

When to Use What

hl + gl: Best for general localization. You want results relevant to a market but don't mind mixed languages.
lr + cr: Best for strict filtering. You need only pages in a specific language or from a specific country.
Combine both: Use hl/gl for context and add lr/cr when you need strict filtering on top.

Example: Turkish results from Turkey

/plugin/google/search?token=TOKEN&q=pizza&hl=tr&gl=tr&google_domain=google.com.tr

Example: Strictly Turkish-language pages from Turkey

/plugin/google/search?token=TOKEN&q=pizza&hl=tr&gl=tr&lr=lang_tr&cr=countryTR&google_domain=google.com.tr

Time-Based Filtering

Applicable to: Search only.

The time_period parameter limits results to a specific recency window:

Value	Description
`last_hour`	Results from the last hour
`last_day`	Results from the last 24 hours
`last_week`	Results from the last 7 days
`last_month`	Results from the last 30 days
`last_year`	Results from the last 12 months

Supported Google Domains

Applicable to: Search, Maps, Shopping. (Flights, Hotels, News, and Trends use a global Google origin; locale comes from gl, hl, and currency.)

The google_domain parameter accepts the following 84 domains. Prefixes (https://, http://, www.) are automatically stripped.

Americas

Domain	Country
`google.com`	United States
`google.ca`	Canada
`google.com.br`	Brazil
`google.com.mx`	Mexico
`google.com.ar`	Argentina
`google.cl`	Chile
`google.com.co`	Colombia
`google.com.pe`	Peru

Europe

Domain	Country
`google.co.uk`	United Kingdom
`google.de`	Germany
`google.fr`	France
`google.es`	Spain
`google.it`	Italy
`google.nl`	Netherlands
`google.be`	Belgium
`google.at`	Austria
`google.ch`	Switzerland
`google.se`	Sweden
`google.no`	Norway
`google.dk`	Denmark
`google.fi`	Finland
`google.pl`	Poland
`google.pt`	Portugal
`google.com.tr`	Turkey
`google.ie`	Ireland
`google.com.ua`	Ukraine
`google.ro`	Romania
`google.gr`	Greece
`google.hu`	Hungary
`google.cz`	Czech Republic
`google.sk`	Slovakia
`google.bg`	Bulgaria
`google.hr`	Croatia
`google.rs`	Serbia
`google.si`	Slovenia
`google.lt`	Lithuania
`google.lv`	Latvia
`google.ee`	Estonia
`google.ru`	Russia

Asia Pacific

Domain	Country
`google.co.jp`	Japan
`google.co.kr`	South Korea
`google.com.au`	Australia
`google.co.nz`	New Zealand
`google.co.in`	India
`google.co.id`	Indonesia
`google.co.th`	Thailand
`google.com.sg`	Singapore
`google.com.my`	Malaysia
`google.com.ph`	Philippines
`google.com.vn`	Vietnam
`google.com.tw`	Taiwan
`google.com.hk`	Hong Kong
`google.com.pk`	Pakistan
`google.com.bd`	Bangladesh
`google.com.np`	Nepal
`google.lk`	Sri Lanka
`google.com.mm`	Myanmar
`google.com.kh`	Cambodia
`google.la`	Laos

Middle East & Africa

Domain	Country
`google.co.za`	South Africa
`google.com.eg`	Egypt
`google.com.sa`	Saudi Arabia
`google.ae`	UAE
`google.co.il`	Israel
`google.com.ng`	Nigeria
`google.co.ke`	Kenya
`google.com.gh`	Ghana
`google.com.et`	Ethiopia
`google.co.tz`	Tanzania
`google.co.ug`	Uganda
`google.com.ly`	Libya
`google.dz`	Algeria
`google.co.ma`	Morocco
`google.tn`	Tunisia
`google.com.qa`	Qatar
`google.com.kw`	Kuwait
`google.com.bh`	Bahrain
`google.com.om`	Oman
`google.jo`	Jordan
`google.com.lb`	Lebanon
`google.iq`	Iraq

Central Asia & Caucasus

Domain	Country
`google.az`	Azerbaijan
`google.kz`	Kazakhstan
`google.ge`	Georgia

Latitude/Longitude Pinning (ll)

Applicable to: Maps Search only.

The ll parameter pins the Maps search to a specific latitude, longitude, and zoom level. It applies to the Maps Search endpoint only. Without ll, Google uses IP-based geolocation of the proxy network.

Format

ll=@LAT,LNG,ZOOMz

LAT, LNG: decimal coordinates (e.g., 40.7128,-74.0060).
ZOOMz: integer zoom from 1 (world) to 21 (building level), followed by the literal z (e.g., 13z).

Examples

Target	`ll` value
Times Square, New York (neighborhood)	`@40.7580,-73.9855,15z`
Manhattan (borough)	`@40.7128,-74.0060,13z`
London Bridge area	`@51.5074,-0.0878,14z`
Shibuya, Tokyo	`@35.6595,139.7005,15z`
San Francisco Ferry Building	`@37.7955,-122.3937,14z`

Zoom guide

Zoom	Typical coverage
`10z`–`12z`	Metro area / city
`13z`–`14z`	Borough / district
`15z`–`16z`	Neighborhood
`17z`–`19z`	Block / street

Invalid ll values return 400 invalid ll parameter.

Device Emulation (device)

Applicable to: Search, Shopping.

Value	Description
`desktop` (default)	Desktop layout
`mobile`	Mobile layout, with slightly different filter set, smaller thumbnails, and occasionally different ranking

Invalid values return 400 device must be one of: desktop, mobile.

/plugin/google/search?token=TOKEN&q=laptop&device=mobile
/plugin/google/shopping?token=TOKEN&q=laptop&device=mobile

Useful for tracking how listings appear across device types for the same query.

Trends Geo Parameter (geo)

Applicable to: Trends only.

The Google Trends API uses its own geo parameter instead of gl. Format is the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (uppercase) optionally followed by a region subdivision: